Monitoring academic freedom: reflections for advocates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7213/rev.dir.econ.soc.v16i2.31359Keywords:
academic freedom; indicators; human rights monitoring; human rights advocacy; human rights.Abstract
This paper reflects on the challenges and opportunities of academic freedom monitoring from an advocacy perspective. Based on the review of two existing academic freedom indexes and the author’s experience building scientific freedom indicators, the paper discusses three challenges: conceptual, methodological, and political. The conceptual challenges are of four kinds: undertheorization, complexity, necessity of specification, and variation. The paper concludes by identifying three strategies (theory-building, interoperability, and cosmopolitanism) to strengthen monitoring and make it a more effective advocacy tool.
Downloads
References
ACADEMIC FREEDOM Index, 2024. Disponível em: https://academic-freedom-index.net/. Acesso em: 14 mar. 2024.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM MONITORING PROJECT INDEX. Disponível em: https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/academic-freedom-monitoring-project-index/. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2021
ANDREOPOULOS, George. Academic freedom as a human right. Em: A Research Agenda for Human Rights. [s.l.] Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. p. 89–109.
BJORGE, Eirik. The Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
BOGGIO, Andrea. The Right to Participate In and Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and its Applications: A Conceptual Map. New York International Law Review, v. 34, n. 2, p. 43–77, 2021.
BOGGIO, Andrea; GRAN, Brian. A Proposal for Indicators of the Human Right to Science. Em: PORSDAM, Hel-le; PORSDAM MANN, Sebastian. (Eds.). The Right to Science: Then and Now. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. p. 268–285.
COMPAGNUCCI, Lorenzo; SPIGARELLI, Francesca. The Third Mission of the university: A systematic literature re-view on potentials and constraints. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 161, p. 120284, 1 dez. 2020.
GODONOGA, Ana; SPORN, Barbara. The conceptualization of socially responsible universities in higher education research: a systematic literature review. Studies in Higher Education, v. 48, n. 3, p. 445–459, 4 mar. 2023.
GREENE, Jamal. How rights went wrong: why our obsession with rights is tearing America apart. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021.
GREENFIELD, Nathan M. Where universities face emerging threats and crises. Disponível em: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230915123512200. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2024.
KAYE, David. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Report A/75/261. New York: United Nations General As-sembly, 28 jul. 2020.
Oxford Reference. Latent variable. Disponível em: https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810105243276. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2024.
OHCHR, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Call for contributions: academic freedom and freedom of expression in educational institutions. Disponível em: <https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2024/call-contributions-academic-freedom-and-freedom-expression-educational>. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2024.
PACKER, Helen. ‘Stark decline’ in academic freedom: four in 10 face restrictions. Disponível em: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/stark-decline-academic-freedom-four-10-face-restrictions. Aces-so em: 15 mar. 2024.
PORSDAM MANN, Sebastian. et al. Scientific Freedom: The Heart of the Right to Science. Lanham, Maryland; London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2024.
QUINN, Robert; LEVINE, Jesse. Intellectual-HRDs and claims for academic freedom under human rights law. The International Journal of Human Rights, v. 18, n. 7–8, p. 898–920, 2014.
REICHMAN, Henry. Academic freedom and extramural expression in the US. Em: Handbook on Academic Freedom. [s.l.] Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. p. 338–356.
ROMANO, Cesare. P. R.; BOGGIO, Andrea. The Human Right to Science: History, Development, and Normative Content. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2024.
SHAHEED, Farida. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to education, Report A/HRC/56/58. Geneva: Human Rights Council, 27 jun. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc5658-right-academic-freedom-report-special-rapporteur-right.
VIDIGAL, Geraldo. Evolutionary interpretation and international law. 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Andrea Boggio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Economic and Socio-Environmental Law the right of first publication with the article simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International which allows sharing the work with recognition of the authors and its initial publication in this Journal.
- Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this Journal (eg.: publishing in institutional repository or as a book), with a recognition of its initial publication in this Journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish their work online (eg.: in institutional repositories or on their personal website) at any point before or during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of the published work (see the Effect of Open Access).
