O Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias da OMC e a alternativa da arbitragem interina do MPIA

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7213/revdireconsoc.v15i3.30099

Palabras clave:

Organização Mundial do Comércio; sistema de solução de controvérsias; segurança nacional; mecanismo interino de apelação; arbitragem; jurisprudência.

Resumen

O Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias da OMC, criado em 1994, consiste em uma estrutura a garantir decisões baseadas em fundamentos jurídicos e dotada do consenso inverso a assegurar o cumprimento de suas disposições. Com o impasse criado pelos Estados Unidos a partir de 2015, pela discordância nas decisões do Órgão de Apelação, sendo efetivamente bloqueado em dezembro de 2019. Essa realidade gerou um conjunto de casos inoperantes, em que os membros da OMC passaram a “apelar ao vazio” e, assim, descumprir com as regras da OMC. Frente à situação de inoperância do sistema multilateral do comércio, um conjunto de membros da OMC aprovaram a criação de um mecanismo alternativo a proporcionar decisões de segunda instância, conhecido como o mecanismo interino de apelação (Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement - MPIA). Criado em 2020, encontra-se o caso DS591 entre a Colômbia e a União Europeia. O mecanismo alternativo do MPIA, apesar de recente, permite debater sobre a eventual fragmentação da jurisprudência da OMC, uma vez que somente 25 membros aderiram à iniciativa. Além disso, frente à reticente posição dos Estados Unidos em manter o bloqueio do Órgão de Apelação e assegurar seu protecionismo baseado na alegação de segurança nacional, o sistema de comércio multilateral tende a se fragmentar em um conjunto de regras plurilaterais e regionais, assemelhando-se ao sistema internacional de proteção do investimento, composto por regras bilaterais e regionais.

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Biografía del autor/a

Thiago Ferreira Almeida, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Pesquisador de Pós-Doutorado na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil) e convidado como pesquisador na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa (Lisboa, Portugal). Doutor em Direito Internacional do Investimento pela UFMG. Professor no Centro de Excelência Jean Monnet UFMG. Advogado e Especialista em Políticas Públicas no Banco de Desenvolvimento de Minas Gerais (BDMG).

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Publicado

2024-09-30

Cómo citar

FERREIRA ALMEIDA, T. O Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias da OMC e a alternativa da arbitragem interina do MPIA. Revista de Direito Econômico e Socioambiental, Curitiba, v. 15, n. 3, p. e275, 2024. DOI: 10.7213/revdireconsoc.v15i3.30099. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pucpr.br/direitoeconomico/article/view/30099. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.