Beyond reliability: towards a broader epistemic evaluation of citizen science

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/2965-1557.037.e202531990

Keywords:

Philosophy of Science, Social Epistemology, Citizen Science, Public participation in scientific research, Unseen science

Abstract

Citizen science has been one of the main forms of public participation in scientific research. The inclusion of non-professional scientists in this context has, however, generated concerns about the reliability of its results, and a great part of the literature has been investigating it. In this paper, we aim to provide a more comprehensive epistemic evaluation of citizen science by discussing standards other than reliability. To do this, we refer to Alvin Goldman’s social veristic epistemology and its five standards for epistemically evaluating social practices or institutions: reliability (the ratio of results to total number of results and errors fostered by a practice), power (the practice’s ability to help cognizers find results that answer the questions that interest them), fecundity (the practice’s ability to lead to large numbers of results for many practitioners), speed (how quickly a practice leads to results), and efficiency (how well a practice limits the cost of getting results). By applying it to the citizen science literature and by relying upon its contributions, this framework enables the integration of various theoretical reflections on citizen science, encompassing trade-offs among these standards and addressing ethical concerns. Furthermore, it also allows one to respond to common criticism about citizen science and to draw some important implications. In particular, we show how citizen science's fecundity is crucial for mitigating the challenges associated with unseen science, i.e., research whose results are never shared outside an institution boundary, thus highlighting its significance in the growing landscape of public participation in scientific research.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Pedro Bravo, Universidade Federal do ABC

Professor adjunto na Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) e credenciado no programa de pós-graduação em Filosofia da mesma instituição. É doutor em Filosofia pela USP, além de mestre, bacharel e licenciado em Filosofia pela UNESP - Marília, e bacharel em Relações Internacionais (Uninter - EaD).

Natalia Pirani Ghilardi-Lopes, Universidade Federal do ABC - Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil

Natalia Pirani Ghilardi-Lopes holds a PhD in Botany, is currently an associate professor at the Federal University of ABC (UFABC), a supervisor at the National Institute of the Atlantic Forest and is a founding member of the Brazilian Citize Science Network (RBCC).

Downloads

Published

2025-10-29

How to Cite

Bravo, P., & Ghilardi-Lopes, N. P. (2025). Beyond reliability: towards a broader epistemic evaluation of citizen science. Revista De Filosofia Aurora, 37, e202531990. https://doi.org/10.1590/2965-1557.037.e202531990

Issue

Section

Continuous Flow