Conocimientos ecológicos tradicionales: balances y perspectivas en su protección desde el Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7213/rev.dir.econ.soc.v16i3.32973Palavras-chave:
Conocimiento Ecológico Tradicional, Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica, Consulta Previa, Participación Equitativa de Beneficios, Pueblos indígenasResumo
El conocimiento ecológico tradicional de las comunidades amazónicas representa un acervo invaluable para la sostenibilidad regional, pero su protección efectiva sigue siendo un desafío complejo y en gran medida no resuelto. En este contexto, el problema de investigación que se desarrolla en el presente artículo se centra en la caracterización de los principales desafíos que el Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica enfrenta para garantizar dicha protección en la Amazonía. De esta forma, el objetivo se enmarcó en analizar críticamente la incorporación de lo dispuesto en el Tratado, enfatizando el rol y los desafíos de la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica, para identificar los obstáculos que impiden su implementación efectiva. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de análisis documental con un enfoque sistemático, hermenéutico y teleológico. Se revisaron fuentes como el propio Tratado, documentos de la Organización del Tratado, legislación de países miembros y literatura académica relevante. La principal conclusión es que, aunque existen normas protectoras, su aplicación se ve obstaculizada por barreras estructurales significativas: asimetrías de poder, la inadecuación de los sistemas de propiedad intelectual para saberes colectivos, debilidad institucional y la tensión con políticas nacionales extractivistas. A pesar de estos obstáculos, se concluye que el Tratado y la labor de la Organización pueden incorporarse efectivamente a los mecanismos de protección del conocimiento tradicional en la Amazonía y que el contexto político actual, reafirmado por la Declaración de Belém, ofrece una oportunidad renovada para fortalecer su rol y avanzar hacia una protección más justa y efectiva del conocimiento ancestral.
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