Disaster management in the Sundarbans delta ecosystem through environmental governance and sustainable planning

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7213/revdireconsoc.v15i2.31364

Resumo

The Sundarbans region is facing significant impacts on its ecosystem, business, agriculture, and environment due to inadequate disaster management. Storm surges, cyclones, and rising sea levels threaten the mangrove environment, causing permanent damage to farming and fishing communities, poverty, and revenue loss. The loss of mangroves affects ecological services like carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and biodiversity. To mitigate these risks, laws, growth promotion, catastrophe management plans, improved infrastructure, and public engagement in disaster response planning are necessary. Balancing environmental protection and economic expansion through climate-resilient farming techniques and sustainable agriculture is crucial. Tighter regulations, sustainable development strategies, stakeholder engagement, and advanced technology like AI can contribute to creating a resilient Sundarbans that protects the environment, improves community welfare, and ensures a sustainable future.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

José Noronha Rodrigues, Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Investigador do CEDIS, Nova School of Law, FD, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa - Faculdade de Direito, Campus de Campolide, 1099-032 Lisboa, Portugal, Vice-Presidente da Faculdade de Economia e Gestão da Universidade dos Açores, Portugal, Coordenador Científico do Mestrado em Direito das Empresas e do Trabalho, bem como da Licenciatura em Direito da Universidade de Santiago - Cabo Verde, Professor Convidado do Mestrado em Direito Civil e do Mestrado em Direito Fiscal da Universidade Católica de Moçambique. Doutor em Direito (PhD) "CUM LAUDE", pela Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Espanha), reconhecida a equivalência do grau de Doutor em Direito pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa, DEA em Direito da União Europeia (2008), Mestre em Relações Internacionais (2004), Pós-Graduado em Direito Regional (1998), Pós-Graduado em Direito do Trabalho (2003) e Licenciado em Direito (1996). É também Delegado para os Açores do Instituto de Derecho Iberoamericano e é Detentor da Cátedra do Centro de Política para a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos da Criança. Email: [email protected] / https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7729-4954

 

Sumanta Bhattacharya, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University

Bolseiro de Investigação na MAKAUT , Analista de Políticas de Defesa Externa e Pública , C.E , CH.E , CCIO ,M.Tech , MA em Estudos de Desenvolvimento, LLB , DIA&D ,DG&GS ,PGCPP&A , MPI(oxford University) ORCID ID : 0000-0003-2563-2787

Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev, University of Calcutta

Ciência Política (Universidade de Calcutá), Mestrado em Estudos de Desenvolvimento. ORCID ID : 0000-0001-9156-0086 

Dora Cabete, Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Investigadora do CEDIS, Nova School of Law, FD, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa - Faculdade de Direito, Campus de Campolide, 1099-032 Lisboa, Portugal, Doutora (PhD) em Ciências Económicas Empresariais - especialização em Economia - pela Faculdade de Economia e Gestão da Universidade dos Açores, Doutoranda em Direito pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa - Faculdade de Direito, Lisboa, Mestre e pós-graduada em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade dos Açores, Licenciada em Sociologia (UAc) e em Direito (UAL). É professora auxiliar convidada na Universidade dos Açores, na Universidade de Santiago - Cabo Verde e advogada. E-mail: [email protected]/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-8818

Referências

ADLA, K.; DEJAN, K.; NEIRA, D. & DRAGANA, S. Chapter 9: Degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services. In: RIBEIRO, A. I.; PRATA, J.; SANTOS, T. R. (eds). One Health: Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health. [S. l.]: Elsevier Science & Technology, p. 281-327, 2022. ISBN 9780128227947. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822794-7.00008-3.

ABUBAKAR, I.R.; MANIRUZZAMAN, K.M.; DANO, U.L.; ALSHIHRI, F.S.; ALSHAMMARI, M.S.; AHMED, S.M.S.; AL-GEHLANI, W.A.G. & ALRAWAF, T.I. Environmental Sustainability Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices in the Global South. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 19, n. 19, p. 12717. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717.

AHUJA, A. Climate Change In Sundarbans: Loss Of Mangroves, Adaptation And Mitigation , NDTV, June 2022.

BANERJEE, S.; CHANDA, A.; GHOSH, T.; CREMIN, E. & RENAUD, F.G. Qualitative Assessment of Natural and Anthropogenic Drivers of Risk to Sustainable Livelihoods in the Indian Sundarban. Sustainability, v. 15, n. 7, p. 6146, 3 April 2023. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076146.

BISWAS, S.; ZAMAN, S. & MITRA, A. Soil Characteristics of Indian Sundarbans: The Designated World Heritage site; Scientific Journal of Biomedical Engineering & Biomedical Science, v. 1, n. 2, p. 53-59. November, 2017. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337323436_Soil_Characteristics_of_Indian_Sundarbans_The_Designated_World_Heritage_site.

BHATTACHARYA, S. Sundarban – A Disaster Unfolding At Many Levels, Outlook. February, 2023. Available at: https://www.outlookindia.com/national/sundarban-a-disaster-unfolding-at-many-levels-news-265780. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

CLARKE, D.; SALEHIN, M.; JAIRUDDIN, M.; SALEH, A. F. M.; RAHMAN, M. M.; PARKS, K. E.; HAQUE, M. A.; LAZAR; A. N. & PAYO, A. Salinity Impacts on Agriculture and Groundwater in Delta Regions. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2015; San Francisco, USA, 2015. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288392365_Salinity_impacts_on_agriculture_and_groundwater_in_delta_regions.

CHANDA, A. & AKHAND, A. Challenges towards the Sustainability and Enhancement of the Indian Sundarban Mangrove’s Blue Carbon Stock. Life, v.13, n.8, p. 1787, 2023. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081787

CHOWDHURY, A.; NAZ, A.; IYER, A S. & BHATTACHARYYA, S. Ecosystem Based Disaster Risk Reduction at Indian Sundarbans: A Lesson Learned from AMPHAN Supercyclone. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 796(1), 012042, 2021. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/796/1/012042

DANDA, A A. Environmental Security in the Sundarban in the Current Climate Change Era: Strengthening India-Bangladesh Cooperation. ORF Occasional Paper, n. 220, November 2019, Observer Research Foundation. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/research/environmental-security-in-the-sundarban-in-the-current-climate-change-era-strengthening-india-bangladesh-cooperation-57191.

ESDS. Use of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management. November 2022. Available at: https://www.esds.co.in/blog/use-of-gis-and-rs-technology-in-disaster-management/. Accessed on: 23 January 2024

GHIMIRE, M & VIKAS, M. Climate Change – Impact on the Sundarbans, a Case Study. International Scientific Journal: Environmental Science, v. 2, n.1. p.7-15, 2012. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3389022.

GHOSH, S. Demand for FRA implementation in the Sundarbans echoes in 2019 general elections. Mongabay, 2019. Available at: https://india.mongabay.com/2019/05/demand-for-fra-implementation-in-the-sundarbans-echoes-in-2019-general-elections/. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

GHOSH, S.& MISTRI, B. Cyclone-induced coastal vulnerability, livelihood challenges and mitigation measures of Matla–Bidya inter-estuarine area, Indian Sundarban. Natural Hazards, v. 116, p. 3857-3878, 2023. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05840-2

GHOSH, S. & ROY, S. Climate Change, Ecological Stress and Livelihood Choices in Indian Sundarban. In: Haque, A.K.E., Mukhopadhyay, P., Nepal, M., Shammin, M.R. (eds) Climate Change and Community Resilience. Springer, Singapore, 2022. Available at:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0680-9_26.

GOVERNMENT of West Bengal – Department of Sunbardans Affairs. Welcome to the Department of Sundarban Affairs. October 2020.Available at: https://www.sundarbanaffairswb.in/. Accessed on: 23 January 2024

GUPTA, T. D.; CHAKRABORTY, A. & DANDA, A. A. Confronting Cascading Disasters, Building Resilience: Lessons from the Indian Sundarbans. ORF Occasional Paper, n. 297, January 2021. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/research/confronting-cascading-disasters-building-resilience-lessons-from-the-indian-sundarbans

HAZRA, S.; BHADRA, T. & SINHA ROY, S. P. Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Indian Sundarban Delta. International Seminar Challenges to Ground Water Management: Vision 2050; Kolkata, India, November 2015. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tuhin-Bhadra/publication/294394972_Sustainable_Water_Resource_Management_in_the_Indian_Sundarban_Delta/links/56c0586a08aeedba056428f8/Sustainable-Water-Resource-Management-in-the-Indian-Sundarban-Delta.pdf.

HAZRA, S.; GHOSH, T.; DASGUPTA, R. & SEN, G. Sea level and associated changes in Sundarbans. Science and Culture, v. 68, n.9-12; p. 309-321, 2022. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285639426_Sea_level_and_associated_changes_in_Sundarbans

ISSAR, R. & MATHUR, N.B. Disaster risk management and the role of corporate sector– The Indian Perspective. Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs National Disaster Management Division and CII. Available at: https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/public-awareness/DRM%20&%20The%20role%20of%20Corporate%20Sector.pdf. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

JABIR, A-A.; HASAN, G. M. J. & ANAM, M Md. Correlation between temperature, sea level rise and land loss: An assessment along the Sundarbans coast. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 2021. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.012

JAMAL, S.; GHOSH, A.; HAZARIKA, R. & SEN, A. Livelihood, conflict and tourism: An assessment of livelihood impact in Sundarbans. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, v. 10, n. 3, p. 383-399, West Bengal, 2022. ISSN 2577-4441. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.07.004.

KIPER, T. Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development [Internet]. Advances in Landscape Architecture. InTech; 2013. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5772/55749

KRAUSS, K. W. & OSLAND, M. J. Tropical cyclones and the organization of mangrove forests: a review. Annals of Botany, v. 125, n. 2, p. 213–234, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz161.

MAJD, P. M.; MAROUFI, S. S.; MOHSEN, D. & TORANI, S. The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2019. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6512217/

MANNA, S. & RAYCHAUDHURI, B. Stress mapping of Sundarban mangroves with Sentinel-2 images using Discriminant Normalised Vegetation Index (DNVI) and Fuzzy classification technique. Journal of Geomatics, v. 13, n. 1, p. 111-117. August 2019. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334884427_Stress_mapping_of_Sundarban_mangroves_with_Sentinel-2_images_using_Discriminant_Normalised_Vegetation_Index_DNVI_and_Fuzzy_classification_technique.

MARCINKO, C.L.J.; NICHOLLS, R.J.; DAW, T.M.; HAZRA, S.; HUTTON, C.W.; HILL, C.T.; CLARKE, D.; HARFOOT, A.; BASU, O. & DAS, I. The Development of a Framework for the Integrated Assessment of SDG Trade-Offs in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve. Water, v. 13, n. 4, p. 528, 18 feb. 2021. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040528

MANDAL, M. Migrating Mangroves: Why Sundarbans’ Coast Guards Are Moving; Roundglass, August 27, 2021. Available at: https://roundglasssustain.com/conservations/why-sundarbans-mangroves-are-moving. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

OHDEDAR, B. Opinion: To rebuild the Sundarbans, India needs to rethink its laws. The Third Polo. 3 July 2020. Available at: https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/opinion-to-rebuild-the-sundarbans-india-needs-to-rethink-its-laws/. Accessed on 23 January 2024.

PAULETH, I. How Drones Aid in Natural Disaster Response. 42 West. July, 2022 Available at: https://www.adorama.com/alc/drones-natural-disaster-response/. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

RUDRA, Kalyan. Changing River courses in the western part of the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta. Geomorphology v. 227, p. 87-100. 15 December 2014. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.013.

SÁNCHEZ-TRIANA, E.; ORTOLANO, L. & PAUL, T. Managing water-related risks in the West Bengal Sundarbans: policy alternatives and institutions. Taylor & Francis, International Journal of Water Resource Development, v. 34, n. 1, 2018. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1202099.

SEN, S. Sunderbans mangroves, post amphan: an overview. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. v. 8, n. 6. ISSN: 2320-2882. June, 2020. Available at. https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2006378.pdf.

SENGUPTA, M. A triple crisis in the indian Sundarbans. IOM Series on The COVID-19 Pandemic, Migration and the Environment. IOM UN Migration, 2020. Available at: https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/blogs/triple-crisis-indian-sundarbans-0. Accessed on: 23 January 2024,

WATERAID; SEN, S. & PRASAD, R. Amphan’s impact on farming and livelihood in Sunderbans, Indian Water Portal, August 2020. Available at: https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/amphans-impact-farming-and-livelihood-sunderbans. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

WAHID, S. M.; BABEL, M. S. & BHUIYAN, A.R. Hydrologic monitoring and analysis in the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. Journal of Hydrology, v. 332, n. 3-4, p. 381-395, Bangladesh, jan. 2007. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.016

WELLE, D. How a water crisis is haunting residents of the Sundarbans; Frontline; March 18, 2023. Available at: https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/how-a-water-crisis-is-haunting-residents-of-the-sundarbans/article66635047.ece#:~:text=Yet%2C%20large%20parts%20of%20the,having%20to%20buy%20drinking%20water. Accessed on: 23 January 2024.

Downloads

Publicado

2024-05-28

Como Citar

RODRIGUES, José Noronha; BHATTACHARYA, Sumanta; SACHDEV, Bhavneet Kaur; CABETE, Dora. Disaster management in the Sundarbans delta ecosystem through environmental governance and sustainable planning. Revista de Direito Econômico e Socioambiental, Curitiba, v. 15, n. 2, p. e268, 2024. DOI: 10.7213/revdireconsoc.v15i2.31364. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pucpr.br/direitoeconomico/article/view/31364. Acesso em: 22 dez. 2024.

Edição

v. 15 n. 2 (2024): maio/agosto

Seção

Artigos

Licença

Copyright (c) 2024 José Noronha Rodrigues, Sumanta Bhattacharya, Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev, Dora Cabete

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:

  1. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
  2. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
  3. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).