Colic syndrome caused by ingestion of Panicum maximum cultivar Massai: report of five cases

Abstract

Equine colic syndrome is a common and serious clinical condition associated with diverse gastrointestinal tract pathologies. This study reports five equine colic syndrome cases in mares fed Panicum maximum cultivar Massai grass. It was characterized by abdominal distension and typical clinical signs of colic syndrome. The diagnosis was verified by rectal palpation and ultrasonography. This indicated colonic impaction in all the cases. The animals received analgesics, fluid therapy, and prokinetic therapy, as well as calcium gluconate and sorbitol, to manage abdominal distension. Patients 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated clinical resolution, with improvement observed between 24 and 96 hours after the intervention. Patient 4 required surgical intervention after conservative therapy failed. Enterotomy of the pelvic flexure was conducted to remove the impaction. Case 5 died despite conservative treatment and surgical diagnosis. This study highlights the significance of rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the equine colic syndrome. It underscores the effectiveness of enterotomy in cases of severe complications. Although most cases recover, prognosis can be influenced by the severity of the clinical presentation and response to treatment.