Fatherhood with an External Locus of Control and “Parental Alienation”: Report and Study of Three Cases

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7213/psicolargum.43.123.AO04

Abstract

this study examined three real-life cases involving fathers engaged in child custody and contact disputes who accused the mothers of engaging in so-called “parental alienation”. These cases revealed indications of parenting shaped by an external locus of control. Using a qualitative multiple case study approach, the analysis explored how such accusations can operate as mechanisms for paternal disavowal of responsibility, shifting the blame for the alleged estrangement of the children onto the mothers. This occurred even when paternal behaviour was marked by emotional unavailability, rigidity and passivity. Findings suggest that attributing the deterioration of the father-child relationship solely to external causes reinforces dysfunctional parenting patterns and contributes to the escalation and persistence of conflict, in opposition to the best interests of the children involved. The paper further argues that the rhetoric of “parental alienation” tends to reinforce gender stereotypes and obscures relational inequalities and coercive control practices. It concludes that assessing parenting capacity, emotional engagement and protective ability is crucial for judicial decisions that truly prioritise children’s well-being. The study calls upon professionals and legal practitioners to critically interrogate the use of “parental alienation” claims, acknowledging their weak scientific foundations and the psychosocial implications of externally oriented fatherhood

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Published

2026-01-08

How to Cite

Mendes, J. A. de A., Macedo, B. C., & Silva, V. dos S. (2026). Fatherhood with an External Locus of Control and “Parental Alienation”: Report and Study of Three Cases. Psicologia Argumento, 43(123). https://doi.org/10.7213/psicolargum.43.123.AO04