Evaluación de la eficiencia en aeropuertos privatizados
Parole chiave:
gestión de aeropuertos, Análisis Envolvente de Datos, eficiencia aeroportuaria, transporte aéreo, Colombia.Abstract
Desde mediados de la década de 1990, y en varias fases temporales, se han privatizado los principales aeropuertos de Colombia. En base a ello, resulta de gran interés conocer, analizar e incluso medir la eficiencia técnica de los aeropuertos en un contexto de reforma estructural, es decir, evaluar la influencia de la privatización de los mismos en la eficiencia y en una relación ''antes-después''. La metodología utilizada para realizar el estudio es el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). Se utiliza esta metodología para estimar la eficiencia relativa de 16 aeropuertos (ahora ya privatizados) de Colombia y a nivel comparativo, es decir, en tres escenarios específicos consecutivos: gestión pública, transición, gestión privada. La metodología utiliza ''variables técnicas'' típicas (utilizadas en investigaciones similares). Los principales resultados de la investigación revelan índices de eficiencia global muy superiores cuando la gestión de los aeropuertos es completamente privada (es decir, realizada 100% por un operador privado) con respecto a cuando eran gestionados por el sector público.
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