From clinic to courtroom: the integration of physiotherapists into the forensic field

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing judicialization of social, labor, and social security relations in Brazil has increased demand for specialized technical evaluations that support judicial decisions grounded in scientific evidence. In this context, forensic physical therapy has emerged as a professional field focused on functional assessment and the preparation of expert reports and technical opinions in different legal settings. Objective: To analyze the insertion of physical therapists in the forensic field in Brazil, characterizing their professional profile, academic background, areas of practice, and aspects related to their professional activity. Methods: This exploratory, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines with physical therapists working as experts witnesses, technical assistants, or legal consultants. Participants completed a structured, self-administered online questionnaire. Results: The sample consisted of 36 physical therapists. Most participants were between 30 and 50 years old (83.33%), female (63.89%), and primarily working in the Southeast (44.44%) and South (36.11%) regions of Brazil. A high proportion reported having specific training in forensic physical therapy (91.67%). Only 11.11% reported working as court-appointed experts, while 61.11% worked as technical assistants and/or legal consultants. Most participants performed up to five forensic-related activities per month (86.11%), with an average completion time of one to three days (66.67%) and remuneration of up to two minimum wages per activity (88.89%). Additionally, 38.89% reported having experienced attempts to restrict their professional practice. Conclusion: Although the forensic field shows potential for professional practice and income generation, the findings indicate the persistence of institutional barriers and challenges related to professional recognition and the full integration of physical therapists into forensic practice.