Ecocide and restorative justice: towards the construction of state criminal responsibility for systemic environmental crimes from the perspective of justice as fairness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7213/rev.dir.econ.soc.v17i3.33712Palavras-chave:
Ecocide; criminal responsibility of the state; restorative punishment; justice as fairness; systemic environmental crimes.Resumo
This article aims to propose a new construction of the State's criminal responsibility for ecocide, integrating the concept of restorative punishment from the perspective of Justice as Fairness, according to John Rawls. Phenomena of systemic environmental crimes, such as forest fires and cross-border pollution, show the existence of State involvement or negligence that results in large-scale ecological damage. Civil and administrative accountability mechanisms have proven inadequate to restore ecological and social justice. Through a legal-normative approach and a comparative analysis of practices in various jurisdictions, this article develops a legal model that balances elements of punishment and obligation to repair through reparatory fines, positive responsibility, and symbolic recognition by the state. This concept asserts that restorative punishment not only enforces substantive justice but also strengthens the state's responsibility for environmental sustainability and the human rights of future generations. Thus, ecocide should be recognized as an international crime that can hold the perpetrating state accountable.
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