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The formative potential of the axial age: rethinking the philosophy of education in the light of Karl Jaspers' thesis
The publication of the book by Karl Jaspers, Origin and Goal of History, in 1949, as part of the discussion on the philosophies of history common to his time, systematically enshrined the thesis of the axial age. Its heuristic potential undoubtedly lies in the fact that Jaspers turned his attention to civilizations other than the Western world between the 8th and 2nd centuries BC. In doing so, the author recognizes that the birth of Christ is the founding event of the West, but it is only one of the possible narratives and not the only one. Jaspers' efforts to investigate the teachings of the great masters of humanity are part of his interest in the subject, which is why he studies and analyzes the thoughts of Socrates, Buddha, Confucius and Jesus. This article deals with analysis by Jaspers of the first three great teachers, investigating their potential for the philosophy of education.
Paul Ricœur, Personalism and the Global Compact on Education
Launched september 2019 Global Compact on Education indicates as the first of its seven commitments the ‘centrality of the person’. In other words, the pact assumes Personalism as its philosophical anthropology when it comes to the theorization of men’s cultural formation, that is, its paideia. With that first the paper presents personalism through Ricœur’s reading in Histoire et verité (1955) then it deals with personalism’s applicability in a socio educational context.
Repensando a ordem de prioridade dos direitos educacionais na concepção de justiça educacional democrática global de Julian Culp | Rethinking the priority order of educational rights in Julian Culp's conception of global democratic educational justice
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar criticamente a contribuição oferecida pela concepção de justiça educacional democrática global defendida por Julian Culp. Tal abordagem se insere no debate contemporâneo sobre justiça educacional oferecendo uma posição intermediária entre duas vertentes teóricas importantes, ou seja, entre posições que enfatizam a distribuição da educação em contraposição às que defendem a educação democraticamente adequada. Para Culp, a busca pela justiça educacional teria que garantir, prioritariamente, a oferta de uma educação democrática onde isso for necessário para garantir uma ordem democrática e deixar a definição relativa à distribuição da educação para procedimentos democráticos de tomada de decisão. Além disso, o autor defende a prioridade da realização da educação democrática global em todos os países para que, depois, se assegure a igualdade de oportunidades educacionais na dimensão doméstica. Este artigo pretende questionar a ordem de prioridades conferida por Culp aos direitos educacionais abrangidos por sua concepção de justiça educacional democrática global em sociedades onde é necessário alcançar uma ordem democrática mais estável. Por meio da discussão de alguns elementos que podem ser encontrados em sociedades com grandes desigualdades sociais e com traços autoritários, sugere-se que tal ordem seja invertida ou que a promoção de educação democraticamente adequada possa ser considerada moralmente equivalente à igualdade de oportunidades.
Education crisis as a crisis of public reason
The text questions whether the crisis of education (that is, of the educational pact, in the formulation given by the pontifical magisterium) should be considered as a constitutive aspect of the crisis of tradition that characterizes, in general, contemporary mass societies. No sectoral response of an exclusively pedagogical nature, however well-intentioned and reflexively well-designed, can overcome the impasse in the process of transgenerational transmission of cultural codes - ethical and symbolic - that has been increasingly occurring throughout the world. world. To find a solution, it is first necessary to identify the causes of the current widespread crisis of public reason, that is, the causes of distrust in the normative power of rationality, and work towards its reconstruction, seeking to highlight and correct the culturally distorting role of functional primacy of technical-productive rationality, inherent to modernity itself as a tradition that is still predominant at a global level. The discontinuity with the self-contradictions of modernity thus becomes the condition to save its normative core and, from the educational sphere, rehabilitate a public reason, an intersubjectively binding reason of meaning, without which there can be no free, fair and peaceful coexistence. peaceful.
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Challenges and possibilities for values education in Brazil: Lessons from some school experiences
The Vatican’s Global Compact on Education attempts to foster understanding of existential interconnectedness and to promote human solidarity. This is not straightforward, for humanity is an evolutionary product of inter-group struggles, and the predominant current values worldwide are often unfavourable. Further, many historical, cultural and institutional inheritances in a country like Brazil are particularly problematic. Much work explores possibilities in university-level education to promote the sorts of objective declared in the Global Compact. However, wide impact requires initiatives within mass schooling systems. The main part of this paper thus looks at two experiments in education for values, in primary and secondary schools in Brazil: an attempt to reach large numbers of children at low cost via an online game that raises value questions for discussion; and a smaller-scale experiment in infusing values-awareness into not only specific curricular modules but also overall school operation.
Beyond reliability: towards a broader epistemic evaluation of citizen science
Citizen science has been one of the main forms of public participation in scientific research. The inclusion of non-professional scientists in this context has, however, generated concerns about the reliability of its results, and a great part of the literature has been investigating it. In this paper, we aim to provide a more comprehensive epistemic evaluation of citizen science by discussing standards other than reliability. To do this, we refer to Alvin Goldman’s social veristic epistemology and its five standards for epistemically evaluating social practices or institutions: reliability (the ratio of results to total number of results and errors fostered by a practice), power (the practice’s ability to help cognizers find results that answer the questions that interest them), fecundity (the practice’s ability to lead to large numbers of results for many practitioners), speed (how quickly a practice leads to results), and efficiency (how well a practice limits the cost of getting results). By applying it to the citizen science literature and by relying upon its contributions, this framework enables the integration of various theoretical reflections on citizen science, encompassing trade-offs among these standards and addressing ethical concerns. Furthermore, it also allows one to respond to common criticism about citizen science and to draw some important implications. In particular, we show how citizen science's fecundity is crucial for mitigating the challenges associated with unseen science, i.e., research whose results are never shared outside an institution boundary, thus highlighting its significance in the growing landscape of public participation in scientific research.
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The present article aims to discuss the conditions of possibility for the issue of human servitude to be inscribed in the history of thought as a philosophical problem. To that end, we will revisit the classic essay "The Voluntary Servitude," by Etienne de La Boétie, since by daring to question not only the political fact of domination but also to invert the perspective and ask about its opposite: if command necessarily depends on its contrary, why do we obey?, the author not only changed the coordinates on which political thought was based but also decisively implicated human will in the production and reproduction of servitude. It is, therefore, voluntary servitude as a symptom of an era—born with the constitution of the political field—that unfolds in La Boétie's discourse; hence, paradoxically, a trans-historical issue that continues to provoke inquiries in the contemporary context.
Chinese room argument revisited: considerations from generative AI
In this article, we revisit the debate instigated by John Searle in his Chinese Room argument, regarding the viability of strong artificial intelligence, in light of the contemporary scenario of development of Generative Artificial Intelligence, with the so-called Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically OpenAI's ChatGPT. We re-examine crucial elements of Searlan's argument, which have evolved over the past four decades in response to criticism. Our objective is to investigate the limits of what can be achieved by entities, whether human or mechanical in nature, that stand out in the linguistic domain.
This paper challenges interpretations of Timothy Williamson’s (2014) cases of improbable knowing as offering support to the idea of rational epistemic akrasia, i.e., the view that it is sometimes rational for an agent to undertake an inconsistent combination of doxastic attitudes, of the form “p, but I shouldn’t believe that p”. Williamson’s scenarios of improbable knowing have been considered by many to be run-of-the-mill examples of situations whereby epistemic akrasia would be not only possible but also rational. I argue that those cases support the idea of rational epistemic akrasia only if the agent's reasoning, in the scenario, is interpreted in a way that presupposes ambiguity. Once the ambiguity is removed, they can no longer be read as such.
This paper conducts an archaeological analysis of The Invention of the Amazônia by Neide Gondim, in dialogue with Michel Foucault’s theses, particularly regarding the relationship between power and knowledge and the dynamics of exclusion that shaped the Amazônia in the Western imagination. From Foucault’s perspective, the article explores how the representation of the Amazônia relates to the construction of otherness, correlating the colonial discourse on the Amazônia with the exclusion of figures such as the madman and the criminal in Madness and Civilization. The paper also discusses the possibility of literary and epistemological resistance, highlighting the works of Euclides da Cunha and indigenous literature as examples of reinvention and contestation of dominant narratives.
On the emergence of peoples: Schelling’s Philosophy of Mythology and Amazonian Cosmology
In the Historical-Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology, Schelling develops the intuition that what is common to all mythologies is the fact they are a theogony that narrates the actual becoming of Gods in consciousness. Mythology therefore has a commonality with nature, as it is a world closed off in itself, and to consciousness, it is that which has been formed in the past. Schelling postulates a relative monotheism as such past, preceding the polytheistic moment of the gods to which mythologies bear witness. This is understood as an inaugural moment in the formation of the consciousness of divinity, and the transition from relative monotheism to polytheism is seen as a necessary development towards absolute, non-mythological monotheism in the history of peoples. If we are to conclude that the positivity of mythology is the production of consciousness itself from a singular principle, we must ask whether it is not only necessary for this principle to assume that there is a relationship between consciousness and divinity, but also whether the "natural history of consciousness", and consequently the very emergence of peoples from a common humanity, necessarily unfolds according to this principle, or whether it is possible to suppose that radically different cosmological conceptions imply the emergence of other consciousnesses, whose theogony is radically distinct. Such experience is arguably found among Amazonian peoples, whose cosmologies reveals an understanding of the differentiation of human and non-human peoples according to the perspective in which oneself is in relation with those they share “humanity” and the others. To establish a comparison, we will examine the role of a presumed spiritual crisis at the root of the emergence of peoples according to Schelling’s account of mythology in general and in the account of the cosmology of the Yanomami people by David Kopenawa and Bruce Albert.
Cryptoqueer: The Perverse Body and the Reproduction of the Species
This essay explores the sexual and racial metaphors present in A. E. van Vogt's 'Black Destroyer”, discussing the relationship between this brief yet influential tale and the construction of the perverse body in Krafft-Ebing's Psychopatia sexualis. Throughout the process, the close links between the colonial imaginary of racial otherness, particularly Orientalism as conceptualized by Edward Said, and the psychiatrization of perversions in the 19th century will be highlighted. Finally, it presents some variations of the figure of the forced cohabitation with the perverse body in 20th-century space science fiction.
Judicial judgment put to the test of governance by numbers
Governance by numbers is not one form of government among others: it is based on a statistical qualification very different from legal qualification. The judicial decision is based on legal qualification operations which refer to the indefinite play of interpretations. Statistical qualification is used to count and not to judge. What about the judicial judgment in these conditions? Kant distinguishes determining judgment and reflective judgment: determining judgment consists of applying a rule to a given case, reflective judgment consists of seeking a rule for a given case. But this duality is not absolute, every judgment has a reflective or interpretive dimension. Judicial judgment can never be reduced to the application of a rule to a given case. This is why the new place taken by artificial intelligence in the exercise of justice is highly problematic. Indeed, algorithmic or “predictive” justice tends to favor statistical probabilities at the expense of the specificity of each case and the individualization of decisions. In addition, the programmers who design the algorithms are free to introduce multiple biases. The question is therefore that of public control of the development of programs, of the algorithms themselves.
Kant’s Transcendental Idealism Revamped in Biology: On Uexküll and the Umwelt Theory
On the occasion of Immanuel Kant's birth tercentenary (1724-2024), this paper examines Jakob von Uexküll's Umwelt theory as a unique example of the influence of Kant's thought on theoretical biology. Uexküll adapts Kant's transcendental idealism to biology and semiotics by extending Kant's transcendental approach to non-human animals. To trace this particular adaptation, the paper first revisits Kant's doctrine of transcendental idealism, his perspectives on nature's purpose, and his views on biological life. Then, it explores Uexküll's Umwelt theory and its Kantian origins in the context of subjectivity, teleology, time and space. Finally, the paper evaluates the potential for Kantian biology within Uexküll's Umwelt. Keywords : Kant. Transcendental idealism. Teleology. Uexküll. World.
The schizoanalyisis and the problem of the interpretation of utterances
This article makes a proposal on how to understand the schizoanalytic practice and the modes of thought that are involved in said practice. From there, we work specifically around the question regarding the framework from which desire is interpreted and how that interpretation can be coherent with a conception of desire as linked to multiplicities that are expressed as utterances. By virtue of this, the article explores the criticism directed by Deleuze and Guattari to structuralist-symbolic conception of the interpretation of utterances, which is proposed as the negative task of schizoanalyisis; that to move on to raise the transversal following of the multiplicities of desire as the positive task.
The latency of the present. The contemporary historical time from the thinking of Hans Ulrich Gum-brecht.
The main purpose of this article is to elaborate a critical reframing and interpretation of recent readings of contemporary historical time by means of the notion of «presentism». Drawing primarily on the work of the French historian François Hartog, the category of «presentism» has become a conceptual key that paves the way to understanding the ways in which we make sense of our experience of time and history. Taking up the conceptual tools of conceptual history, this approach to presentism is focused on analyzing some central aspects of Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht`s thought. As it will be developed, his prolific work offers a priceless conceptual vein so as to criticize philosophically both the assumptions and the limits of this interpretation of our regimen of historicity. With a view of doing so, it will be outlined the extent to which his diagnosis of the origin of contemporary historical time derived from the crisis of futurism that have defined the modern regimen of historicity. From this point, by means of Gumbrechtian concept of «presence», this paper will developed his definition of presentism as a fragmented temporal figure that oscillated between the push and the pull of abandoning the future and the impossibility of distancing the past. This interpretation paves the way toward delving further into the weaknesses of Gumbrecht`s reading of contemporary historical time. Through the recovery of Gumbrecht’s notion of «latency» it will be reconstructed the relations and dependencies between presentism and the notion of «trauma». Such connection will bring light into the limits of presentist reading of historical time.
A Filosofia como alicerce para o Ensino Contextual de Ciências: Por que não podemos concordar em discordar? | Philosophy as a Foundation for Contextual Science Teaching: Why can't we agree to disagree?
This article starts from a contemporary conception of curriculum to suggest bringing together science and philosophy classes in high school. Initially, some conceptual foundations developed in different fields of knowledge throughout the 20th century are identified, in Philosophy of Science, History of Science and Science Education. Such key reference concepts are brought together here not to represent historical linearity or some type of paradigmatic unification, but as points in a cartographic network that guides a given worldview. The explicit and reflective treatment of these concepts aims to offer historical and epistemic support for the development of interdisciplinary practices in basic education on aspects of the Nature of Science (NOS). In defense of methodological pluralism, the text continues to discuss some NOS models and their impact on research in science education. It is considered that the combination of these concepts results in optimal conditions for the contextual teaching of science, involving the disciplines of Philosophy and Natural Sciences, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.
Opressão, violência, emancipação: Benjamin, Marcuse e o direito à resistência | Oppression, violence, emancipation: Benjamin, Marcuse and the right of resistance
A leitura da Crítica da Violência de Benjamin por Marcuse forma uma base fundamental à sua apreensão da sociedade vigente e dos movimentos de emancipação. No posfácio escrito à edição dessa obra, Marcuse destaca o centro da argumentação de Benjamin: sua distinção entre violência impura, ou positiva, como base da estrutura de poder do Estado de direito e a violência pura, ou negativa, potência presente legitimamente nos movimentos de libertação. Benjamin e Marcuse criticam a violência impura, do cotidiano, sustento da dominação. Para Marcuse há um direito à resistência dos oprimidos traduzido numa “violência” que é contrapoder. Este é vinculado a uma ordem social, política, cultural, jurídica alternativa, ainda por realizar, que resulta não de uma visão do futuro, mas da visão do passado e seu continuum a ser interrompido. Sua base “não se encontra no sonho dos netos libertos”, mas na crítica e superação dos horrores dos antepassados.
Os poderes da arqui-tela e a ideologia da ‘Transparência 2.0’ | The Powers Of The Arche-Screen And The Ideology Of ‘Transparency 2.0’
Nossa experiência com telas eletrônicas e digitais pode ser considerada como a pars pro toto desse "dispositivo" (no amplo significado sociocultural atribuído a esse termo por Foucault) que nos envolve. É por isso que considero decisivo elaborar o que eu chamaria de uma antropologia das telas, para a qual acredito que o valor heurístico oferecido pelo que propus definir como "arqui-tela" pode contribuir, a ser entendido como um "tema" ou princípio trans-histórico no qual se cruzam duas duplas de funções: não apenas a função de esconder e mostrar ao mesmo tempo, com a qual as telas são normalmente identificadas, mas também a que consiste em expor e ao mesmo tempo proteger, mediando assim nossa relação corporal geral (e não apenas visual) com o ambiente. De qualquer forma, o princípio que acabamos de definir contribui para produzir, em diferentes contextos histórico-culturais, diferentes regimes de visibilidade. Por sua vez, cada um deles está entrelaçado com um determinado regime de dizibilidade e, juntos, eles direcionam a atenção e a desatenção de nossos olhares tanto quanto os de nossos discursos. Nesse sentido, o display – cujo nome hoje em dia tende a acompanhar ou até mesmo substituir a palavra "tela", atribuindo à superfície que designa a função exclusiva de exibição – prova-se emblemático nos regimes atuais de visibilidade e dizibilidade. De fato, isso ajuda a afirmar a ideologia do que eu ironicamente classifico como "Transparência 2.0". Tal ideologia identifica o significado da transparência com a suposta ausência de qualquer mediação e, portanto, também traz implicações de grande significado político.
Nietzsche in Sils Maria... the eternal return
This text postulates something fundamental for understanding thought in its radicality, namely, there are certain material conditions in the very place where one lives that allow and make it possible for a thinker to think what he or she thinks. And in the case of Nietzsche one cannot understand his abysmal thought of the eternal return without the author's experience in Sils Maria and its surroundings. It was in those places and with his own ghosts, such as Lou Salome's, that he was able to express that radicality of the real as a finite other that constitutes us because it touches us in our own body.
WE NEED TO RESCUE THE PROTAGONIST ROLE OF WISDOM – Interview with Darlei Dall’Agnol
This interview was conducted in February 2025, following the symposium celebrating the 60th anniversary of Brazilian philosopher Darlei Dall’Agnol. It reviews his educational background, his philosophical outlook going from Metaethics (Practical Cognitivism) to Bioethics (Respectful Care) and his views on how philosophy can, today, contribute to addressing humanity’s greatest existential threats.
On Technological Innovation, Inequality, Regulations and Governance: A Interview with Roger Brownsword
In this eighth interview in the series conducted by the Research Group on Transhumanism and Human Bioenhancement (GIFT-H+/CNPq), we have the precious opportunity of interviewing Professor Roger Brownsword, one of the leading experts on technological regulation and governance. We asked him about the impacts of technological innovation and the possibilities of regulating and governing it. We focus on the role and limits of laws in this fundamental process for societies profoundly influenced by rapid technological progress.
The purpose of this interview with Professor Ulrich Metschl is to investigate the behind-the-scenes of philosophical thought and its relationship with politics and science, as well as the philosopher's role in recent decades in the face of complex problems such as Fake News, the emptying of the public sphere, denialism, and ideological polarization. Engaged in analytical philosophy, with a declared commitment to language and logic, Professor Ulrich offers an interesting portrait of the greatest dilemmas of our contemporary world.
Editorial – Simondon en la Iberofonía | Simondon na Iberofonia
La Revista de Filosofía Aurora tiene la alegría de anunciar la publicación del dossier "Simondon en la Iberofonía", organizado por los profesores Eladio Craia (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Paraná) y Luis Mérida (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona). Este dossier reúne una serie de contribuciones que exploran, desde distintos enfoques, la actualidad y la potencia del pensamiento de Gilbert Simondon en los contextos filosóficos de América Latina y la Península Ibérica, destacando la riqueza y la diversidad de lecturas posibles a partir de su obra.
Transindividual concretisation? On some readings of Simondon in Argentina
Within the framework of the global reconsideration of Simondonian thought on technique, the article reconstructs a series of readings deployed in Argentina in the last decade. Specifically, it analyzes the recovery and problematization of the concept of concretization, maps different lines of research and reflects on the tensions that this concept raises with the idea of the transindividual.
The etiology of violence narco-patriarchy and neoliberal capitalism
The article discusses the work of Rita Segato and Sayak Valencia on violence within the context of neoliberal capitalism and colonial modernity. It analyses the terrible consequences of male socialization through the masculinity mandate, especially in peripheral economic countries such as Latin America, where the poor distribution of wealth and the precariousness of work lead thousands of young people eager to participate in consumer society to 'work' for criminal organizations.
In this article, my attempt is to relate the structuring of the love desire and the structuring of the philosophical desire for writing. Immediately, we can think that there is not exactly a relationship between these two ways of desiring, i.e., that the way in which we experience love is independent of the way in which we experience philosophical writing. But, if we stop to think about with authors such as Hélène Cixous, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Paul B. Preciado, Margareth Rago and Audre Lorde, we will realize that the phallic-patriarchal structuring of the desire for love also configures the structuring of the desire for Philosophy, determining what it is and how we should philosophize. The close articulation between violence linked to heteronormativity in the love field and in the philosophical field, allows us to understand that the universality and objectivity of Reason, which traditionally operates as the engine of philosophical action, is nothing more than a presumption, since the logos purified from feeling and imagination corresponds to the materiality of a certain type of body: in general, sovereign, white, heterosexual, healthy and seminal bodies. Based on this, in this essay, I seek to offer some historical-philosophical clues to understand why women were and are relegated to the margins of Philosophy, understood as a field of teaching, learning, research and production of knowledge, that is classically anchored in the love of wisdom. My intention is, therefore, to understand to what extent the normative configuration of this love nourishes and is nourished by a violent dynamic that explicitly or tacitly detaches women from the scope of wisdom.
Transcending the dichotomy between “gender” and “class”: The construction of a new gender identity as condition of capitalism
The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the argument on which Federici bases the thesis that gender is the result of a construction and that the determinations of gender identity and sexuality constructed from Modernity onwards, which are still predominant today, are closely linked to the demands of capitalist life and work relations, thus opposing an essentialist or naturalist interpretation of these categories. In order to achieve this goal, Federici's approach to the social and historical causes of the construction of a new “feminine” social identity will be presented, with emphasis on her effort to show how the need for this identity arises especially in a period of original capital accumulation, but extends beyond, guaranteeing the continued reproduction of the capitalist mode of production. It will also be shown how this new social identity and function can only be carried out through a veritable “campaign of terror,” crystallized in the phenomenon, for Federici eminently modern, of the witch-hunt. This reconstruction seeks to endorse the author's defense of a feminism which, insofar as it establishes that the identity of “woman” and its alienating social determinations have a necessary connection with the development of capitalism, also proposes the overcoming of the dichotomy between “gender” and “class” through a radical critique of this mode of production. Keywords: Federici; Gender; Construction; Capitalism; Reproduction.
Writing between wars: gender, politics and fascism in the thought of Maria Zambrano and Virginia Woolf
This article aims to present aspects of the works of Virginia Woolf and Maria Zambrano, two prominent thinkers of the 20th century, who addressed the complexities of war and politics from their historical contexts. The text examines how personal experiences, social influences and historical events shaped their perspectives and how their works offer unique perspectives on political and ethical issues that remain current, such as exile in the face of tyranny, fascism, unequal relations of gender in patriarchal class society.
Augustine and the injustice of the law and legal forms regarding the rape of women
This article presents an approach to the issue of rape in the philosophy of Augustine of Hippo that focuses on the philosopher's criticism of the laws and judges of his time, notably in The City of God, I,19,2. For this treatment of the topic, references from Roman law and studies developed by Romanists were considered, to highlight the legal-philosophical character of Augustinian argumentation. My exposition covers four phases: brief contextualization of the analyzed excerpt, translation, division of Augustine's text into four parts and respective analyses, and conclusion.
From Lélia Gonzalez to bell hooks: for an Afro-Latin American and radical visionary feminism
This paper aims to elucidate Lélia Gonzalez and bell hooks´ criticism against oppression, mainly those of race, class and sex, as well as to show the types of feminisms they support to overcome them. Lélia clarifies how these oppressions are produced and reproduced in the Brazilian context, showing that black population, especially black women, are in the most socially devalued places, from the point of view of work and income, from the point of view of their housing and even with regard to education, proposing an Afro-Latin American feminism as a way to dismantle all the explorations listed. bell hooks shows how oppression was and is reproduced in places where we don´t expect it, as in feminist movements (such as the racism and elitism present in the suffragist movements), in black movements (as shown by the reproduction of sexism in the black panthers) and in the classroom (such as when white students have more speaking space than others). bell hooks explains that any movement which does not oppose all forms of oppression has the risk of becoming a movement for just a few, by supporting positions that often reproduce exploitation. In this sense, the author supports a radical or visionary feminism as a form to articulate a joint fight against all oppressions, approaching Lélia's proposal of feminism. Theories and practices of both authors combat any oppression, in all spaces, based on the feminisms proposed by them, aiming the construction of a mutual, communal and, why not, loving society…
The effects of epistemic violence on women philosophers’ career
The article deals with the epistemic violence faced by female philosophers and postgraduate students, especially linked to the conception of the epistemic subject, which underlies theories, methodologies, beliefs and behaviors. The effects of this violence range from the abandonment of philosophy by students, the precariousness of the working environment for women philosophers and the delegitimization of people coming from other epistemological registers.
Editorial – Think Global, Act Local: Philosophy, Education, and Environmental Challenges
Edu-eco-communities: designing sustainable and community based learning environments
The Anthropocene era, marked by limited resources and shared responsibility for their use, calls for educational settings to model eco-sustainable practices against resource misuse and waste. To achieve this, learning environments should mirror the ecological realities of the Anthropocene by offering limited resources to be shared and preserved across generations. They should also foster democratic, participative practices to distribute the responsibility of resource conservation. Given the urgency of redirecting educational practices toward sustainability, we draw on the well-established Montessori Method, which exemplifies eco-sustainable learning by integrating local resources with specially designed educational tools. Additionally, its principles of freedom, organisation, care, and rituals demonstrate democratic participation in governance.
Filosofia Educacional e Educação Ambiental | Educational Philosophy and Environmental Education
This communication intended to establish a connection between Environmental Education and Lipman’s P4C Program, as a specific aspect of Philosophy of Education. For that matter, the analysis of Higher Order Thinking as P4C foundations was thus pursued, i.e. a complex kind of thinking that combined Critical, Creative and Caring Thinking at the realm of Doing Philosophy with Chidren and Youth. That is the backdrop against which ECO_DIALOGUE project emerged as an attempt to create new materials within Lipman’s P4C work, fostering Environmental Education through Philosophical Dialogue, as well as Teacher training courses in order to make its operationalization possible within a European school context. At the turn of the 21rst century, ECO_Dialogue [DG XII (SOCRATES/Comenius 3.1)] emerged as resulted from a partnership involving three European countries, Catalonian, Portugal and Austria, under the coordination of Grup IREF. Palavras-Chave: Educação Ambiental, FcCJ, ECO_DIALOGUE, Pensamento Interventivo (Cidadania).
Rachel Carson, Wonder and Environmental Education | Rachel Carson, maravilha e educação ambiental
Rachel Carson (1907-1964) became famous for her book “Silent Spring”, published in 1962. This book explained how the use of herbicides and pesticides like DDT in the northern hemisphere was causing a build-up of DDT in the flesh of penguins in the Antarctic, and that governments and corporations everywhere should exercise restraint in their use of technology to avoid unintended impacts on the world’s ecological systems. When she wrote this book, Carson had terminal cancer, and decided to go ahead and complete this crucial book, rather than to write a book on the wonder of the natural world and how to instil a sense of it in children. But in 1965 she did publish a short book, “The Sense of Wonder”, which includes as a chapter her earlier essay ‘Help your child to wonder’, about revealing to a child the mysteries to be found at the edge of the sea. So Rachel Carson’s contribution to the world, in addition to her works about marine ecology and her disclosure of the dangers of herbicides and pesticides, included also her practice and advocacy of environmental education. This perspective is still relevant today.
Da boca para fora: as vozes das crianças como desafio político à acústica dos espaços públicos | Out of your mouth: children's voices as a political challenge to the acoustics of public spaces
The voice as a set of sounds emitted by the larynx with the air coming out of the lungs is rarely thought of in political terms. The text proposes a reflection on the political agency of children based on the relevance of the acoustics of the voice, stating that the political relevance of intervention in public spaces cannot be understood without also considering the sound of their voices. Thus, children's voices emerge as a device for critically thinking about the way we subject ourselves politically and an index for questioning the politics of public spaces in which any voice can be uttered. The text is crossed by the interventions of a girl and a boy - Rafaella and Rafael - whose words, spoken in a philosophical activity at their schools, challenge us to think of the voice as something that is made and that can (re)signify everything. We go through the Aristotelian split between phoné and logos as a mark of political agency and, with Agamben, we recover childhood as the inaugural fact of the political experience. This brings us to the voice as a political difference and, with Adriana Cavarero and Anna Pagés, we take on the phonetics of voices as fundamental to rethinking the public space beyond the discursiveness that the humanist and liberal tradition has established as the mark of the (autonomous, rational, discursive) citizen.
Uncertainty and Community of Philosophical Inquiry: From thinking locally to acting globally
There is little of which we can be certain, but the mantra in newspapers and on televisions as we watch political unrest unfold before our eyes, and as climate change marches on apace, is that we live in uncertain times. This statement, that we live in uncertain times, is something of which we can be certain. Unpredictability and lack of control are unsettling for all, but arguably more so for children. This article proposes that uncertainty need not be negative in every instance. It suggests that uncertainty leads to cognitive growth through encountering dissonance and the assimilation and accommodation of new ideas. It posits that classrooms are a microcosm of society, and in this very local context, children may be introduced to practical philosophy in the form of Community of Philosophical Inquiry (CoPI). In the article, it is argued that CoPI might be a useful approach in supporting children not only to encounter but to welcome uncertainty. The predictable structure afforded by CoPI offers an element of certainty and control for participants. Additionally, it fosters open-mindedness and comfort with disagreement by its very structure. The article highlights the importance of relationships and children’s voice and indicates how this is nurtured in CoPI. The article concludes that through encouraging philosophical dialogue with their peers, cognitive growth is facilitated that might be said to breed compassion and a way of being in and with the world. The article sets out the possibility that philosophical, collaborative thinking in the local context of the classroom might lead to global action on the part of participants, but that this requires children and their deliberative participation to be taken seriously.
Technology, power, and care: a critique based on technoscepticism
Resenha da coletânea "Semiótica e pragmatismo: interfaces teóricas" | Review of the collection "Semiotics and Pragmatism: Theoretical Interfaces"
A coletânea Semiótica e pragmatismo: interfaces teóricas, vols. 1–2, de Ivo Assad Ibri, apresenta-se como a consolidação de um projeto filosófico inspirado em Peirce, estruturado em torno da noção de “interface” como mediação criativa. Ibri reconstrói sistematicamente o pragmatismo, partindo da faneroscopia e das ciências normativas até a metafísica, ressaltando a lógica das categorias e o realismo dos universais. A teoria dos hábitos ganha centralidade, reinterpretada pelo par Chronos/Kairós como articulação entre estabilidade e inovação. A estética, concebida como ciência dos fins, ocupa papel originário, fundamentando ética e lógica. A obra dialoga com problemas contemporâneos, como fake news e crise da crença, articulando filosofia, técnica e política. Assim, Ibri transforma a herança peirciana em filosofia própria, rigorosa e poética, orientada pela abertura ao novo.
A teoria tríplice reformulada congruente
review of DALL'AGNOL, Darlei. Ethics: history and philosophy of morals. 4th ed., Florianópolis: EaD/NefipOnline, 2023, 766 p
A milestone in the Brazilian school of quantum non-individuality
In this review, we present the latest book by philosopher Décio Krause, one of the most important authors in the philosophy of physics. Krause is the leading representative of what we call the ‘Brazilian school of quantum non-individuality’. Along with introducing the book, we offer some comments on topics discussed by Krause, such as the metaphysics of non-individuality and logical anti-exceptionalism, as well as their relation to non-classical logics, focusing on the author’s metaphysical perspective.
Resenha da obra “The epistemology of language use: Wittgenstein and a Philosophical Pragmatics” de Arley Ramos Moreno. Editado por Cristiane Gottschalk, Paulo Oliveira e Rafael Azize. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2025 | Review of the book “The epistemology of language use: Wittgenstein and a Philosophical Pragmatics” by Arley Ramos Moreno. Edited by Cristiane Gottschalk, Paulo Oliveira and Rafael Azize. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2025.
Resenha da obra “Ética, Política, Razão e Religião: Festschrift em homenagem a Marcelo Perine” por Antonio José Romera Valverde, Francisco Valdério, Helder Buenos Aires de Carvalho, Judikael Castelo Branco e Luis Manuel A. V. Bernardo
Editorial – Phenomenology, World, Oikologia
The knockout of solipsism: carnal alterity in Here Comes Mr. Jordan
The article revisits, as a background, one of the great classics of cinema, the comedy Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), by director Alexander Hall. The (re) incarnation is the conducting wire of the plot in which the protagonist (Joe Pendleton, a famous boxer) loses his life in a plane crash on the eve of one more title. He still had to live if he was not precipitately “disembodied” by a angel. Upon reaching the heavens, Joe, at any cost, wants to return to earth in order to secure his place as a acclaimed heavy weights champion. Another affliction, however, the waiting: his body was cremated so that you can no longer naturally reincarnated in him. Since then, a whole unpredictable plot unfolds in the film, because he will have to look for another body and, in this way, envisage the true mystery of an I that recognizes itself as an Other, that is, the enigma or paradox of carnal alterity. Thus, what appears to be on screen is a work that enlivens not only a mere cinematographic critique, but a metaphysical reflection by knocking out every solipsist argument, circumscribed by Merleau-Ponty within the scope of a phenomenology of perception, his first philosophical itinerary.
Phenomenology of the social world – A fresh encounter
In this short essay, I try to draw the lines for a renewed phenomenological theory of the social world. I criticize the traditional approach, which focuses on intersubjectivity, and try to show that the cru¬cial element of the social world is the nomic connections established between individuals. I also critically examine the modern assumption that the State is the culmination point of the social world. I then move on to the constructive part. I distinguish three types of nomic bonds, which I call sociabilitas, imperium, and oikeiosis, and point to them as the three fundamental axes of the social world. I defend the thesis that they do not overlap but have different structures and dynamics. Finally, I show how some important objective institutions of the social world are fundamentally, although not exclusively, based on one of these three types of nomic bonds. I designate them as Agora, Palace, and Temple. At the very end, I emphasize that the deep layers of any social world are labor and knowledge, which should be accounted for in full-fledged phenomenological research concerning the essential elements of any social world whatsoever.
Space and Measure: The Appropriation of Space from an Oikological Viewpoint
In this essay I propose to develop the problem of the appropriation of space through measurement from a perspective that relates the oikological philosophy of H.R. Sepp to the contributions of the phenomenological tradition -primarily, the thought of Husserl- and the theory of space developed by Deleuze & Guattari in Mille Plateaux; with them, also, we will recover some elements of the theory of measure developed by Alexius Meinong. In that broad context, my proposal is to understand the process of appropriation of the world, leading to the development of private property and state institutionality, as part of the more general process of objectification of the lifeworld through idealization (where geometry plays a central role). The logic of the measure, for its part, reveals an intrinsic tendency to excess that turns it into a means and expression of a colonizing violence. The argument will be organized as follows. First, I will present the central ideas of Sepp's interpretation of measure, with special emphasis on its bodily basis. Next, I will study how measurement makes possible the objectification of the world by virtue of the quantification of the primary and secondary qualities of material things, through direct and indirect measuring. Finally, it will be seen how objectified space interacts with territory through the distinction between smooth and striated space. In conceptual terms, I argue for a redefinition of measure that rejects the hylomorphic model in favor of a nomadic and morphological conceptuality.
Hunger, World, I. Phenomenologies of Humility
Estar ciente de um mundo/ambiente não traz o mundo ou a consciência à existência. E a sensação de fome não torna a realidade do mundo um instrumento e uma posse para uso e consumo próprios. A quase evidência da fome em termos de ingestão e consumo é uma questão fenomenológica. Com a fome e a consciência não há "identificação". Nem com as coisas em si, nem com as coisas para mim.
Jean Baudrillard’s notion of the hyperreal celebrates that we have moved beyond the age of metaphysics where the real was the standard of imitations. Now imitations have become more real than the reality they imitate. Baudrillard’s position emerged from critical theory, but maintained that, along with the age of metaphysics, we had moved beyond the “dramas of alienation.” In many of Baudrillard’s works, it seems that exploited people are in effect playing the role of alienated in society. I offer a deconstruction of this dangerous position by relying on literary analyses of Molière’s final play, The Hypochondriac, and Dan DeLillo’s novel, White Noise, as well as Denis Guénoun’s work on the political implications of theater. This deconstruction of Baudelaire’s hyperreal reveals the promise of an aesthetic phenomenological political critique.
A phenomenology of animal life: Observations on the lifeworld of a dog
This contribution to animal philosophy is an attempt to investigate the human-animal relationship through the observation and description of everyday experience. In doing so, this article addresses three fundamental questions. Firstly, can the experience of canine reality be accurately described using human categories and concepts, even if only by analogy? Secondly, to what extent can we speak of canine language, given their capability for communication? Lastly: do dogs possess metacognitive abilities that enable them to navigate their surroundings and be aware of their own actions and agency?