Rural-urban Moatize: water harvesting design strategies to enable community-driven development
Palavras-chave:
Water harvesting. Vulnerability. Community driven development. Zambezi basin. Mozambique.Resumo
This paper presents a design research on Moatize rural-urban area, located in the Zambezi river basin, Mozambique. The design research intended to find measures of conserving available resources, supporting reforestation and taking advantage of the riverscape to enlarge the landscape capacity. Starting with a vision of creating resilience through landscape design, the project worked within dualities of extremes: wet versus dry; rural versus urban; endogenous versus exogenous processes. This area is in a fast transformation process, mostly driven by foreign companies that negatively impact the environment and socio-economical dynamics. From an interdisciplinary analysis, problems related to water were identified as key issues to reduce community vulnerability and therefore, community’s reliance on outside interference. The design research proposes a water capture and distribution system, with small scale elements and a scattered management. As a result, the system can be better integrated with the landscape occupation, facilitating efficient community maintenance. The design process was a result of learning from local knowledge and applying it to infrastructural solutions, a soft-engineering project that can be built integrated to natural cycles. Since the project follows the principles of community driven development, it is not a final result, but the starting point of a discussion.
Downloads
Referências
Antwi, E. K. et al (2015). Community vulnerability assessment index for flood prone savannah agro-ecological zone: A case study of Wa West District, Ghana. Weather and Climate Extremes. Volume (10-B), 56-69, doi: 10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.008.
Appadurai, Arjun. 2004. The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition. In V. Rao and M. Walton, eds., Culture and Public Action: A Cross-Disciplinary Dialogue on Development Policy. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
CENSUS (2007) Indicadores Sociodemográficos Província de Tete 2007. Instituto Nacional De Estatística Gabinete Central Do Recenseamento, Maputo, Mozambique. Available at: http://www.ine.gov.mz/operacoes-estatisticas/censos/censo-2007/rgph-2007/indicadores-socio-demograficos-provincia-de-tete-2007.pdf/view
De Meulder, B. & Wambecq, W. (org) (2018) Resilient Zambezi Landscape urbanism studio: designing resilience in an era of drastic transformation. Studio Investigation Series. KU Leuven, Department of Architecture, Leuven, Belgium.
De Meulder, B.; Shannon, K. (2018) Designing Ecologies for Resilient Urbanisms. Landscape Architecture Frontiers. Volume (6), ISSUE 5, 12-33. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-20180502
De Meulder, B.; Shannon, K. & Wambecq, W. (2019) Settling with and within an Open Canopy Forest: a Landscape Urbanism Proposition for the Semi-arid Savannah of the Lower Zambezi River Basin around Tete (Mozambique). Folio Radical Development. Volume (Radical Noir), 47-69.
Gibbens, Menini, and Carel Schoeman. (2020) Planning for sustainable livelihood development in the context of rural South Africa: A micro-level approach. Town and Regional Planning 76: 14-28.
Human Rights Watch. (2013). What is a House without Food? Mozambique’s Coal Mining Boom and Resettlements. Retrieved on 15 March 2018 at https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/05/23/what-house-without-food/mozambiques-coal- mining-boom-and-resettlements
Le Coq, J. F., Sabourin, E., & Fouilleux, E. (2019, June). How can we think scaling up agro ecology transition with public policy support. The experience of PP-AL network in LAC. In Workshop: Stepping Up to the Challenge of Agroecological Transition Through Agricultural Research for Development.
Macie, A.E.A. (2015) Mineração de carvão na bacia carbonífera de Moatize, província de Tete - Noroeste de Moçambique: uma análise socioambiental (Master Thesis) Programa de Mineralogia Experimental e Aplicada do Instituto de Geociências, da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Macie, O. A. A. (2016) Características da estação chuvosa em Moçambique: Probabilidade de ocorrência de períodos secos e padrões atmosféricos associados (Master Thesis) Programa de Meteorologia do Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Makate, Clifton. (2019). Effective scaling of climate smart agriculture innovations in African smallholder agriculture: A review of approaches, policy and institutional strategy needs. Environmental science & policy 96 (2019): 37-51.
Mansuri, G., Rao, V. (2004). Community-Based and -Driven Development: A critical review. World Bank Research Observer, 19 (1), 1-40. doi: 10.1093/wbro/ lkh012.
Mfitumukiza, David, Sinha Roy, Arghya, Simane, Belay, Hammill, Anne, Rahman, Mohammad Feisal, Huq, Saleemul (2020) Scaling local and community-based adaptation. Global Commission on Adaptation Background Paper. Rotterdam and Washington, DC. Available online at www. gca. org/global-commission-on-adaptation/report/papers.
Mngumi, Lazaro Eliyah. (2020) Ecosystem services potential for climate change resilience in peri-urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 16.2: 187-198.
Mosca, João & Tomás Selemane. (2011) El dorado Tete: os mega projectos de mineração. Centro de Integridade Pública.
Mungói, C.A. (2008). Desenvolvimento regional no Vale do Zambeze, Moçambique, em perspectiva (Doctoral Dissertation) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS.
Mustalahti, Irmeli, Gutiérrez-Zamora, Violeta, Hyle, Maija, Devkota, Bishnu Prasad, Tokola, Nina Responsibilization in natural resources governance: A romantic doxa?. Forest Policy and Economics 111 (2020): 102033.
Paiva, Júlia de Souza Campos. (2018) Water harvesting system as the means to enable community driven development. (Trabalho de Conclusão do Curso de Graduação em Engenharia Civil). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Rao, Vijayendra, & Walton, Michael. (2004). Culture and Public Action: An Introduction. In V. Rao and M. Walton, eds., Culture and Public Action: A Cross-Disciplinary Dialogue on Development Policy. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Thornton, J. A. (ed.). (1998) Sourcebook of alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in Africa. Technical publication series – UNEP. Volume (8A). UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, Osaka, Japan. Available at .
Van Wambeke, J. (Coord.) (w/d). Erosion hazard mapping: Mozambique – Report XX. Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agronômica, Maputo, Mozambique. Available at /library.wur.nl/isric/fulltext/ISRIC_936.pdf>.
Williams, Portia Adade, Crespo, Olivier, Abu, Mumuni, Simpson, Nicholas Philip . (2018) A systematic review of how vulnerability of smallholder agricultural systems to changing climate is assessed in Africa. Environmental Research Letters 13.10: 103004
World bank. (w/d). GDP (current US$) – Mozambique. Retrieved on 25 September 2021 at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=MZ
World bank. (w/d). Labour Force, total - Mozambique. Retrieved on 25 September 2021 at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=MZ
Yéo, Wonnan Eugène, Goula, Bi Tié Albert, Diekkrüger, Bernd, Afouda, Abel. (2016) Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in the Comoe River Basin (West Africa). SpringerPlus 5.1: 1-15.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Todos os artigos são publicados online e em acesso aberto, sob licença Creative Commons Atribuição (by). A revista urbe permite o acesso, arquivamento e divulgação irrestritos da versão final publicada do artigo, e não autoriza o arquivamento e divulgação das demais versões anteriores à sua publicação.
